history of italy

The bloody Franco-Austrian War (also known as the war for Italian independence; 1859–61), unleashed in northern Italy, led to the occupation of Lombardy and the retreat of the Austrians to their eastern possessions in the Veneto. The unification of Italy. 91-88 BC Civil war breaks out in the Italian peninsula, caused in part by Italian dissatisfaction with the distribution of the benefits of Empire. The French Revolution at the end of the 18th century and the rise of Napoleon awakened hopes in Italy of an independent nation. The Empire was later divided in two, with the second capital in Constantinople (founded by Constantine in 330), on the Bosporus in Byzantium. 25, 1936) and then between Italy, Germany, and Japan (Nov. 6, 1937), ostensibly directed against the Communist International (Comintern) but, by implication, specifically against the Soviet Union. In 493, the Ostrogoths, an eastern Germanic tribe, conquered the Italian peninsula.

There was…. The treaty was an integral part of Napoleon’s policy of creating a ring of French client states beyond the Rhine, the Alps, and the Pyrenees.

Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was wholly unprepared to take advantage of Germany’s invasion of Poland, and, if Italy were to derive any benefit from the…, In 1911, when Italy attacked the Ottoman Empire—in the process occupying the largely Greek-populated Dodecanese—Greece, no less than the other Balkan states, wanted its share of the spoils from the ever more likely collapse of Ottoman rule in the Balkans. …stations in Austria, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. However, Greece’s situation differed from that of its…, He saw fascist Italy as his natural ally in this crusade. In effect, the man who would rule Rome’s destiny for 40 years had become emperor, although Augustus was careful to maintain some republican protocol to keep the aristocracy sweet. 509 BC The traditional date for the ending of monarchical control in Rome and the foundation of the Roman Republic.
200-188 BC Rome invades the East, defeating Philip V of Macedonia and Antiochos III of Syria, and becomes the most powerful force in the Mediterranean. Italy seized Tripoli (Libya) and occupied the Dodecanese, a group of islands in the Aegean Sea; by the Treaty of Lausanne (October 18, 1912) Italy retained the former but agreed to evacuate the Dodecanese. Habsburg Spain dominated the region from 1559 to 1713 and Habsburg Austria from 1713 to 1796. A century after Augustus’ death in AD 14 (aged 75), the Empire had reached its greatest extent. The new Italian government, far from exiting the war, was obliged to do a volte-face and declare war on Germany on October 13. Upon the boy’s death, Amalasuntha attempted to seize power in her…, …both of whom retired to Italy as cardinals of the Roman Church.

1922-1946 Benito Mussolini’s Fascist party comes to power and begins to expand overseas, conquering Ethiopia and Albania and allying with Germany in World War II.

The Allies wanted Italy’s participation because of its border with Austria.

An energetic people, the Etruscans were redoubtable warriors and seamen, but lacked cohesion and discipline. The painfully slow Allied campaign up the peninsula and German repression led to the formation of the Resistance, which played a growing role in harassing German forces. Spanish ruled Italy until 1713. Jealous of the growing power of his one-time protégé, Pompey severed his political alliance with him and joined like-minded factions in the Senate to outlaw Caesar in 49 BC. Of the many tribes that emerged from the millennia of the Stone Ages in ancient Italy, the Etruscans dominated the peninsula by the 7th century BC. The country is also one of the most common tourist destinations in Europe. …in the Mediterranean and in Italy. Goods and services from Italy are of excellent global standards and reputation.

Bessarion’s learning and library helped to encourage further Western interest in Greek scholarship. Sick of monarchy, the nobles set up the republic. The 1970s were thus dominated by the spectre of terrorism and considerable social unrest, especially in the universities. 49-30 BC Civil war tears the Roman world apart. A Lombard Kingdom of Italy was later formed, but most regions of the peninsula remained under Byzantine influence and rule until the 11th century. At the same time, the great maritime republics of Amalfi, Pisa, Genoa and Venice begin their rise to economic and military power.

In the London pact of April 1915, Italy was promised the territories it sought after victory. When the empire fell, a series of barbarian kingdoms initially ruled the peninsula, but, after the Lombard invasion of 568–569,…, …resolve, particularly in Germany and Italy, where the repeated invasions by the French during the revolutionary period had led to reforms and stimulated alike royal and popular ambitions.

A sluggish economy, ineffective and squabbling government, widespread corruption and the continuing open sore of the Mafia continue to overshadow the country’s otherwise sunny disposition. 272-265 BC The Romans conquer Southern Italy. Some plebs were even appointed as consuls and indeed by about 280 BC most of the distinctions between patricians and plebeians had disappeared. Gauls, ancestors of today’s modern French, roamed the mountainous north. Crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1220, Frederick was a German with a difference. Its status was guaranteed by treaty between the…, …widow of the king of Italy, who had been jailed by Berengar II, the king of Italy. Of course, her charming manner made it all the more pleasurable. The connection between the German crown, the….

Augustus carried out other far-reaching reforms. His three-year campaign in Italy, Spain and the Eastern Mediterranean proved a crushing victory.

After World War IIand the overthrow of Mussolini's fascist regime, Italy's history was dominated by the Christian Democracy(Democrazia Cristiana, DC) political partyfor 48 years—from the 1946 electionuntil the 1994 election—while the opposition was led by the … Sebottendorf’s 10,000 troops, the rear guard of Jean-Pierre Beaulieu’s Austrian army. That all changed when Mussolini decided to invade Abyssinia (Ethiopia) as the first big step to creating a ‘new Roman empire’. Italy became a republic in 1946 and De Gasperi’s DC won the first elections under the new constitution in 1948.
In the same year, divorce became legal and eight years later abortion was also legalised, following anti-sexist legislation that allowed women to keep their own names after marriage. He told the Italian foreign minister that the road to Berlin led through Vienna, with the result that the Triple Alliance (comprising Italy, Germany,…, In 1923 Italian forces bombarded and held Corfu briefly, following the murder of an Italian boundary delegation. All suffered from underproduction, a shortage of capital, and energy shortages exacerbated by the severe winter of 1946–47.

753 BC The traditional date for the foundation of Rome. …relation, sent by the famous Italian Medici family to be their spokesman to the king of France. The rise of nation-states, more so the powerful maritime nations in the medieval period, however, resulted in political disintegration. Across a span of more than 3,000 years, Italian history has been marked by episodes of temporary unification and long separation, of intercommunal strife and failed empires. In all, the tour was of such quality that it exceeded, in every aspect, our most critical expectations. Don Santarelli, Virginia, USA

The Roman Empire was an international political system in which Italy was only a part, though an important part. Caesar raised troops and in the following year entered Gaul proper (modern France) to head off an invasion of Helvetic tribes from Switzerland and subsequently to bring other tribes to heel. Rome wins, but Roman citizenship is extended to most Italians. Italy lost 600, 000 men and the war economy had produced a small concentration of powerful industrial barons while leaving the bulk of the civilian populace in penury. …excluded the Austrians from northern Italy. This was followed by the Neolithic Period between 6000-5500 BC and was characterized by Impressed ware and Cardium Pottery.

Holy Roman Emperors would seek time and again to impose their control on increasingly independent-minded Italian cities, and even on Rome itself. The major change affected Poland, which was figuratively…, In Italy sectarian and heretical movements had proliferated throughout the Middle Ages. The banner of the Lion of St Mark flew across northeast Italy, from Gorizia to Bergamo. Italy’s long history is dominated by three periods, the three R’s: The Roman Empire: during these centuries Italy was the centre of one of the largest empires the world has ever seen, and the wealth that poured into the peninsula led to the creation of some of the most magnificent monuments of the Ancient World. When Theodoric died in 526, he was succeeded by a minor grandson for whom Theodoric’s daughter, Amalasuntha, acted as regent.

In this section, learn about the great and not so great moments in […] The Eastern Empire invaded but failed to restore order and had to withdraw. The Allies dropped their demands of autonomy for Turkish Kurdistan and Turkish cession of territory to Armenia, abandoned claims to spheres of influence in Turkey, and imposed no controls over Turkey’s finances or armed forces. He exchanged ambassadors with the great powers of the eastern Mediterranean—the Byzantine Empire and the Caliphate of Baghdad.…, …or Potestà, (“power”), in medieval Italian communes, the highest judicial and military magistrate.

(Italian: “lordship”), in the medieval and Renaissance Italian city-states, a government run by a signore (lord, or despot) that replaced republican institutions either by force or by agreement. Within the…. At the end of 1491 their agent, Giannotto Berardi, appears to have…. …post-World War I controversy between Italy and Yugoslavia over the control of the Adriatic port of Fiume (known in Croatia as Rijeka; q.v.). O’Connor was sent to advise the local commander, but his unescorted staff car ran into a German advance group on the night of April 6, and he was taken prisoner.…, …German divisions, followed by an Italian armoured division and an Italian motorized infantry division. We experienced sites, sights and carefully chosen venues not readily available to a normal tourist. Between the 12th and 14th centuries, they developed new forms of government. He transformed the office into a dictatorship and allied with Hitler’s Germany, but was forced to flee when World War II turned Italy against him. A great general and statesman, Julius Caesar won a civil war to become both sole ruler of the extensive Roman domains and dictator for life, setting in motion a process of transformation that led to the creation of the Roman Empire. In 493, the Italian peninsula was seized by the Ostrogoths, a tribe from eastern German. Among them were Caere (modern-day Cerveteri), Tarquinii (Tarquinia), Veii (Veio), Perusia (Perugia), Volaterrae (Volterra) and Arretium (Arezzo). The eldest son of Philip V’s second marriage, he became duke of Parma in 1731 by right of his mother, heiress of the last Farnese dukes, and in 1734, during the War of the Polish Succession, he conquered the Kingdom of Naples-Sicily (Kingdom of…, …534 and 535 in Ostrogothic Italy made it the most likely victim after the fall of Vandal North Africa. Supplemented with introductions and visits with a local historian and artists, the tour was all the more enhanced. When the Second World War broke out, Italy remained neutral at first.

In the 19th century, the concept of nationalism and nation-state was on the rise, and a result, the peninsula was unified. The rise of Europe’s nation-states from the 16th century left the divided Italian peninsula behind. You can

c.32,000 BC Homo Sapiens arrives in the Italian peninsula. Domestic problems induced Italy to begin withdrawal from the territory it occupied, and, by the Treaty of Ankara (Franklin-Bouillon Agreement, October 20, 1921), France agreed to evacuate the southern region of Cilicia. Victory gives them control of all of central Italy.

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