where is colombia located

Its cause was mainly mounting tensions between the two leading political parties, which subsequently ignited after the assassination of the Liberal presidential candidate Jorge Eliécer Gaitán on 9 April 1948. Colombia is a South American country. The judicial branch is headed by four high courts,[166] consisting of the Supreme Court which deals with penal and civil matters, the Council of State, which has special responsibility for administrative law and also provides legal advice to the executive, the Constitutional Court, responsible for assuring the integrity of the Colombian constitution, and the Superior Council of Judicature, responsible for auditing the judicial branch. The principal Pacific port is Buenaventura. In Colombia there are 32 terrestrial biomes and 314 types of ecosystems. [369][370], Theater was introduced in Colombia during the Spanish colonization in 1550 through zarzuela companies. And then we have South America, where Colombia is located on the map of the Americas. Together these lowlands comprise over half Colombia's territory, but they contain less than 6% of the population. [101], The violence between the two political parties decreased first when Gustavo Rojas deposed the President of Colombia in a coup d'état and negotiated with the guerrillas, and then under the military junta of General Gabriel París. Cities such as Bogotá, Cali, Medellín and Bucaramanga are the most visited in cardiology procedures, neurology, dental treatments, stem cell therapy, ENT, ophthalmology and joint replacements because of the quality of medical treatment.  San Andrés Sebastián de Belalcázar, conqueror of Quito, traveled north and founded Cali, in 1536, and Popayán, in 1537;[38] from 1536 to 1539, German conquistador Nikolaus Federmann crossed the Llanos Orientales and went over the Cordillera Oriental in a search for El Dorado, the "city of gold". [88][92] Internal divisions remained between the bipartisan political forces, occasionally igniting very bloody civil wars, the most significant being the Thousand Days' War (1899–1902). [167] Colombia operates a system of civil law, which since 2005 has been applied through an adversarial system. [159] All regional elections are held one year and five months after the presidential election. [71] Cartagena became independent in November 1811. [327] When Europeans founded cities two things were making simultaneously: the dimensioning of geometrical space (town square, street), and the location of a tangible point of orientation. The latitude of the Serranilla Bank is 15°50' N. Colombia reaches a southern point of extremity at the latitudinal coordinate of 04°14' S. Located in Quebrada de San Antonio, the southernmost point of Colombia is just outside of the Department of Amazonas. [231] Colombia has begun to innovate in military technology for its army and other armies of the world; especially in the design and creation of personal ballistic protection products, military hardware, military robots, bombs, simulators and radar. [93], The United States of America's intentions to influence the area (especially the Panama Canal construction and control)[94] led to the separation of the Department of Panama in 1903 and the establishment of it as a nation. A wide range of features characterize the country’s two coastlines.  Quindío, Risaralda The climate of Colombia is characterized for being tropical presenting variations within six natural regions and depending on the altitude, temperature, humidity, winds and rainfall. Colombia is second in the number of amphibian species and is the third most diverse country in reptiles and palms. Km. Traducción del latín y del italiano, y notas de Anna María Splendiani y Tulio Aristizábal S. J. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Colombia also has excelled in sports such as BMX, judo, shooting sport, taekwondo, wrestling, high diving and athletics, also has a long tradition in weightlifting and bowling.[397][398][399]. Bogota is the most populous city of the country, which has about 7,304,384 citizens.  Guainía The isolated Santa Marta Mountains are an imposing fault-bounded granitic massif rising to 18,947 feet (5,775 metres) at the “twin peaks” of Cristóbal Colón and Simón Bolívar, the highest point in the country (for a discussion of the height of the Santa Marta Mountains, see Researcher’s Note: Heights of the “twin peaks” of the Santa Marta Mountains); the massif ascends abruptly from the Caribbean littoral to snow- and ice-covered summits. [273][274], Many immigrant communities have settled on the Caribbean coast, in particular recent immigrants from the Middle East. ", "La independencia del Socorro en la génesis de la emancipación colombiana", "Colombia and Haití: History of a Misunderstanding (1819–1831)", "Un precursor de la emancipación americana: Antonio Nariño y Álvarez", "Independencia del Caribe colombiano 1810–1821", "Confederación de las Provincias Unidas de la Nueva Granada", "Acta de la Federación de las Provincias Unidas de Nueva Granada", "Cronología de las independencias americanas", "La Constitución de Cádiz en la Provincia de Pasto, Virreinato de Nueva Granada, 1812–1822", "Los ciudadanos en la Constitución de Cúcuta – Citizenship in the Constitution of Cúcuta", "El viaje de Gaspard-Théodore Mollien por la República de Colombia en 1823. Of the three ranges, the nonvolcanic Cordillera Occidental, which forms the barrier between the Cauca valley and the rain-drenched Pacific coast, is the lowest and least populated. [164] Members of both houses are elected to serve four-year terms two months before the president, also by popular vote.[165]. Its broken, rugged topography, together with its location near the Equator, creates an extraordinary diversity of climates, vegetation, soils, and crops. [227][228] Organizations such as the Corporation for Biological Research (CIB) for the support of young people interested in scientific work has been successfully developed in Colombia. [302][315], Colombian photography was marked by the arrival of the daguerreotype. adipiscing elit. Dotted with hills and with extensive tracts of seasonally flooded land along the lower Magdalena and the Sinú rivers, it surrounds the inland portion of the Santa Marta Mountains. Colombia is located in northwestern South America; it is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and Panama, on the north by the Caribbean Sea, on the east by Venezuela and Brazil, on the south by Ecuador and Peru. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The specific number of spoken languages varies slightly since some authors consider as different languages what others consider to be varieties or dialects of the same language. With seven million people, it is its largest city. There is archeological evidence of ceramics being produced earlier in Colombia than anywhere else in the Americas, dating as early as 3,000 BCE. [339] The conservation of the architectural and urban heritage of Colombia has been promoted in recent years. Where departments have a low population (for example Amazonas, Vaupés and Vichada), special administrative divisions are employed, such as "department corregimientos", which are a hybrid of a municipality and a corregimiento.[190][191]. Post-independence literature linked to Romanticism highlighted Antonio Nariño, José Fernández Madrid, Camilo Torres Tenorio and Francisco Antonio Zea. Desafíos del transporte ferroviario de carga en Colombia. [83][84] Simón Bolívar became the first President of Colombia, and Francisco de Paula Santander was made Vice President. [212], The electricity production in Colombia comes mainly from Renewable energy sources. The nation’s political instability has been historically tied to the unequal distribution of wealth, and the illicit trade in drugs (mainly cocaine) remains a major disruptive factor in Colombian life. [117] In accordance with the principle of separation of powers, government is divided into three branches: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judicial branch. Large Afro-Colombian communities are found today on the Caribbean and Pacific coasts. (1994)", "Historia de Colombia: el establecimiento de la dominación española – Los Pueblos Indígenas del Territorio Colombiano", "La primera vision de las costas Colombianas, Repaso de Historia", "Félix de Azara: Observaciones conductuales en su viaje por el Virreinato del Río de la Plata", "El Dorado Legend Snared Sir Walter Raleigh", "La Conquista del Nuevo Reino de Granada: la interpretación de los siete mitos (III) – RESTALL, Matthew: Los siete mitos de la conquista española, Barcelona, 2004", "Las sociedades indígenas del Nuevo Reino de Granada bajo el dominio español", "Las plantas medicinales en la época de la colonia y de la independencia", "La propiedad de tierras en la Colonia: Mercedes, composición de títulos y resguardos indígenas", "Historia económica y órdenes de magnitud, Capítulo 1: La Formación de la Economía Colonial (1500–1740)", "La política económica virreinal en el Nuevo Reino de Granada: 1750–1810", "Law VIII ("Royal Audiencia and Chancery of Santa Fe in the New Kingdom of Granada") of Title XV ("Of the Royal Audiencias and Chanceries of the Indies") of Book II", "La esclavitud negra en la América española", "Reformismo local en el nuevo Reino de Granada. A toll road concession programme will comprise 40 projects, and is part of a larger strategic goal to invest nearly $50bn in transport infrastructure, including: railway systems; making the Magdalena river navigable again; improving port facilities; as well as an expansion of Bogotá's airport. The Municipio of Madellin is the second largest city in Colombia. In addition, historical figures in the process of independence in New Granada emerged from the expedition as the astronomer Francisco José de Caldas, the scientist Francisco Antonio Zea, the zoologist Jorge Tadeo Lozano and the painter Salvador Rizo.

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