china population density

Because of China’s continued mortality decline, and especially its sustained fertility decline to below replacement levels, the country has effectively entered an era of population decline. However, since the late 1970s China has dramatically increased its interaction with the international economy, and it has become a dominant figure in world trade. Even before the Qing (Manchu) dynasty was established in 1644, Manchu soldiers had launched raids into North China and captured Han labourers, who were then obliged to settle in Manchuria. Something little understood by the outside world, and indeed to the Chinese government and public, is that today’s demographic changes mark only the beginning of a crisis that will be increasingly difficult to mitigate if action is not taken soon. Had it not been for China’s relatively young age structure, the population would have begun declining in the early 1990s, almost two decades ago.

km of land area) from The World Bank: Data Learn how the World Bank Group is helping countries with COVID-19 (coronavirus). For the most part, China has exhausted its demographic fortune as measured by the demographic dividend—that is, by the changing support ratio between effective producers and effective consumers. China’s increasing contact with the international economy and its growing use of market forces to govern the domestic allocation of goods have exacerbated this problem. Worries at this level of analysis generally relate to the country’s future economic growth and social stability. Despite China’s size, the wealth of its resources, and the fact that about one-fifth of the world’s population lives within its borders, its role in the world economy was relatively small until late in the 20th century. The median age of the Chinese population, at its peak, could be as high as 50 years. It also will need to figure out how to expand the scope of coverage to those who were not covered under the old system. That number has further grown in the past five years. The three wealthiest regions are along the southeast coast, centred on the Pearl (Zhu) River Delta; along the east coast, centred on the lower Yangtze River; and near the Bo Hai (Gulf of Chihli), in the Beijing-Tianjin-Liaoning region. Yet, underlying all these dazzling changes and monumental concerns is a driving force that has been seriously underappreciated: China’s changing demography. The current growth, in other words, is a result of population momentum. In the 1950s the government became increasingly aware of the importance of the frontier regions and initiated a drive for former members of the military and young intellectuals to settle there.

The most significant internal population movement in modern Chinese history was that of the Han to Manchuria (now known as the Northeast). Year -5-1 2019 +1 +5. But, even more important, China’s demographic landscape has in recent decades been thoroughly redrawn by unprecedented population changes. While China continues to transform itself from an agrarian to an industrial and post-industrial society and from a planned to a market-based economy, it not only will need, for example, to provide health care and pensions for a rapidly growing elderly population that has been covered under government-sponsored programs. At the time the policy was announced 30 years ago, it provoked great controversy both within and outside China; over the years it has extracted great sacrifices from Chinese families and individuals, especially from women. As a result of China’s very low fertility over the past two decades, the abundance of young, inexpensive labor is soon to be history. Given that demographic changes take time to develop, and that their ramifications are not only massive but also long-lasting, China’s inaction has already proved costly—and will only grow more so the longer it persists. The city has a very large population, with the most current estimates putting it at 10,607,700.. City Size and Population Density of Wuhan Given current mortality and fertility rates, and with a population age structure that is growing increasingly older, the number of deaths will soon exceed the number of births. Major fertility reduction in China took even less time.

The ban was later partially lifted, partly because the Manchu rulers were harassed by disturbances in China proper and partly because the Russian Empire continually tried to invade sparsely populated and thus weakly defended Manchuria. But the challenges that China will face as a result of its changing demographics go far beyond economic growth and other aggregate concerns. These changes will in the future drive the country’s economic and social dynamics, and will redefine its position in the global economy and the society of nations. What makes China unique, however, is that it still has a state policy, unique in human history, that restricts the majority of Chinese families to one child per couple.

But capital, technology, and overseas markets alone would not have made China a global factory in the last two decades of the twentieth century. Value & Rank The Population density of China is 141 (capita per square kilometer) with a global rank of 69. Exceptionally high population densities occur in the Yangtze delta, the Pearl River Delta, and on the Chengdu Plain of the western Sichuan Basin. But more important than increased life expectancy in defining China’s new demographic era—and determining. As the young population declines, domestic demand for consumption may weaken as well, since young people are also the most active consumers of everything from wedding banquets to new cars and housing units. Sociology, University of California, Irvine. More generally, ever more Chinese parents in the future will not be able to count on their children in their old age. As Manchuria developed into the principal industrial region of China, however, large urban centres arose there, and the nature of the migration changed. However, the unregulated influx of so many migrants and the instability of their lives and work have put considerable strain on the host cities, notably the environment and public security. Inertia also results from the resistance of the country’s birth-control bureaucracy, which formally employs half a million people. In no small part due to implementation of the one-child policy, China by 2005 had accumulated nearly 160 million only children aged 0 to 30. Extensive uninhabited areas include the extremely high northern part of Tibet, the sandy wastes of the central Tarim and eastern Junggar basins in Xinjiang, and the barren desert and mountains east of Lop Nur. Its mortality rate has dropped to a level not very different from that of the developed countries. Due to these odds, and the large numbers of Chinese parents who have only one child, the sheer number of elderly people living without any children is significant and growing. China is the world’s largest producer of rice and is among the principal sources of wheat, corn (maize), tobacco, soybeans, peanuts (groundnuts), and cotton. The Chinese economy thus has been in a state of transition since the late 1970s as the country has moved away from a Soviet-type economic system. As a result, in 2008, China’s rate of population growth was only 5 per thousand, down from over 14 per thousand in 1990 and 25 per thousand in 1970. Guidance for the Brookings community and the public on our response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) », Learn more from Brookings scholars about the global response to coronavirus (COVID-19) ». In 1995, primary schools nationwide enrolled 25.3 million new students. By 1850, Han colonizing settlers had become dominant in Manchuria. A gradual but substantial reduction in population, especially with a concomitant aging of populations in the world’s richest countries, constitutes an unprecedented shift that is redefining the global demographic, economic, and political landscape.

These figures imply that over 40 percent of Chinese households have only one child. This creates grim prospects for many Chinese who hope in old age to rely on their children for emotional and physical if not financial support. Because women live longer, the likelihood that an 80-year-old woman will outlive her 55-year-old son is 17 percent. And although the policy was designed as an emergency measure to slow down China’s population growth, and was intended to last for only one generation, the government has not yet shown the willingness, or courage, to phase it out. China’s population is likely to peak less than 15 years from now, below a maximum of 1.4 billion.

Most of the high-density areas are coterminous with the alluvial plains on which intensive agriculture is centred. An aging population is likely to lead to a more peaceful society. Available energy has not been sufficient to run all of the country’s installed industrial capacity, the transport system has remained inadequate to move sufficient quantities of such critical commodities as coal, and the communications system has not been able to meet the needs of a centrally planned economy of China’s size and complexity. Current government policy still requires nearly two-thirds of all families to have no more than one child per couple. After 1949 the new government’s efforts to foster planned migration into interior and border regions produced noticeable results.

The changes may also affect international peace and security. Typically, some disastrous event such as famine or political upheaval would depopulate an area already intensively cultivated, after which people in adjacent crowded regions would move in to occupy the deserted land. This exemplifies a characteristic feature of China’s regime—relegating difficult, long-term, structural challenges to the back burner, while giving priority to short-term crisis management and concerns about stability. click on the following link or the worldmap below to view a complete, China since the end of the Great Recession, Current Account Balance (Percentage of GDP), Electricity - installed generating capacity, Electricity production, consumption, imports and exports, International tourism, number of arrivals, International tourism, number of departures, Short-term debt (percentage of total external debt), Yearly Tourist arrivals to residents ratio, Population density (capita per square kilometer) - China, Population density (capita per square kilometer). However, most of these “rusticated youths” subsequently returned to the cities. China’s astonishing economic expansion over the past two decades took place within a highly, almost uniquely favorable demographic context.

Such a drastic decline in the young labor force will usher in, for the first time in recent Chinese history, successive shrinking cohorts of labor force entrants. Urban population has increased from 452,999,147 (35.9%) in 2000 to 852,259,000 (61.0%) in the current year. But the relative size of these three Chinese population groups of 160 million will soon change.

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