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Who is Pan (mythology)? Pan became a great musician, and everybody admired his playing. Pan cut the reeds and joined them side by side in decreasing order, thus creating the very first set of panpipes. Once he realized that he was embracing shrubs instead of a nymph’s body, Pan sighed with disappointment. Christian apologists, however, took Plutarch's notice to heart, and repeated and amplified it until the 18th century. Unfortunately for her, once he saw her, Pan made the opposite his priority, so he started relentlessly pursuing her through the woods of Arcadia. Pan was a lecherous god, so Syrinx wasn’t the only nymph he tried pursuing. Like a shepherd, he was a piper and he rested at noon. When you reach Palodes,[24] take care to proclaim that the great god Pan is dead." Being a rustic god, Pan was not worshipped in temples or other built edifices, but in natural settings, usually caves or grottoes such as the one on the north slope of the Acropolis of Athens. Originally an Arcadian deity, his name is a Doric contraction of paon (“pasturer”) but was commonly supposed in antiquity to be connected with pan (“all”). [13] Pan aided his foster-brother in the battle with the Titans by letting out a horrible screech and scattering them in terror. Meaning of Pan (mythology)", http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Pan_%28mythology%29/, https://religion.wikia.org/wiki/Pan_(god)?oldid=211746. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer and turned Midas' ears into those of a donkey. Pan’s homeland – and the main seat of his worship – was Arcadia, the mountainous, wild, and rustic central region of Peloponnese. In Zeus' battle with Gaia, Aegipan and Hermes stole back Zeus' "sinews" that Typhon had hidden away in the Corycian Cave. His rough figure was antithetical to, for example, that of Apollo, who represented culture and sophistication. ; T. E. Page, Litt.D. [28] It was interpreted with concurrent meanings in all four modes of medieval exegesis: literally as historical fact, and allegorically as the death of the ancient order at the coming of the new. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine, 2007–2008 Israel–Gaza conflict/merger-proposal, Prise de Jérusalem par Hérode le Grand.jpg, "Goatlike" Aigaion called Briareos, one of the Hecatonchires, Footnote in The library By Apollodorus (of Athens. [9] In the Mystery cults of the highly syncretic Hellenistic era[10] Pan is made cognate with Phanes/Protogonos, Zeus, Dionysus and Eros.[11]. Douglas Bush notes, 'The goat-god, the tutelary divinity of shepherds, had long been allegorized on various levels, from Christ to "Universall Nature" (Sandys); here he becomes the symbol of the romantic imagination, of supra-mortal knowledge.'" “From his birth,” sings the poet of “The Homeric Hymn to Pan,” he “was marvelous to look upon, with goat's feet and two horns – a noisy, merry-laughing child.” This feeling, however, wasn’t shared by his nurse, who fled and left Pan the very moment she saw his uncouth goat-horned face and full beard. As she was returning from the hunt one day, Pan met her. [34]. [8] It is more likely to be cognate with paein, "to pasture", and to share an origin with the modern English word "pasture". One of them, Syrinx, chose to be transformed into marsh reeds to save herself from Pan’s advances. In this round, Apollo demanded that they play their instruments upside-down. Grahame's Pan, unnamed but clearly recognisable, is a powerful but secretive nature-god, protector of animals, who casts a spell of forgetfulness on all those he helps. Museo Lázaro Galdiano, Madrid. Associated with music and its magical powers he is credited with inventing the syrinx musical instrument, better known as the panpipes. Pan’s parentage is a bit ambiguous, but, according to most sources, he was the son of Hermes and a Dryad, whether Dryope (the daughter of the Arcadian hero Dryops) or Penelope of Mantineia. He accomplished this by wrapping himself in a sheepskin[18] to hide his hairy black goat form, and drew her down from the sky into the forest where he seduced her. He was one of the youngest sons of Zeus and was brought into the story only because... he was a master-thief. As the Egyptian sailor Thamus was sailing along the western coast of Greece in the first years of the Christian era, he heard a divine voice claiming that “the great god Pan is dead.” If true, this would make Pan one of the very few Greek gods – if not the only one – to actually die. Some Arcadian shepherds still play the very same instrument. Part man and part goat, Pan was the god of wild groves, shepherds, and flocks. Henceforth Pan was seldom seen without it. He makes a brief appearance to help the Rat and Mole recover the Otter's lost son Portly. According to some traditions, Aegipan was the son of Pan, rather than his father. However, he was no match for Apollo and, predictably, once he resolved to challenge the Olympian, he lost almost unanimously the subsequent musical contest. He haunted the high hills, and his chief concern was with flocks and herds, not with agriculture; hence he can make humans, like cattle, stampede in “panic” terror. The ancient Greeks also considered Pan to be the god of theatrical criticism. 107). Francisco Goya, Witches' Sabbath (El aquelarre). ), edited by E. Capps Ph.D, LL.D. According to the oddest one of these stories, Pan didn’t have a divine parent at all, but was, in fact, the fruit of Penelope’s affair with all of her 108 suitors! Pan, in Greek mythology, a fertility deity, more or less bestial in form. The only exception is the temple of Pan on the Neda River gorge, in southwestern Peloponnese, the ruins of which survive to this day. Much like his father Hermes, Pan seems to have been a precocious child. Aeronautical engineer and occultist John Whiteside Parsons invoked Pan before test launches at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Van Teslaar, "The Death of Pan: a classical instance of verbal misinterpretation", Van Teslaar 1921 traces the Christian career of the "death" of Pan, "kept alive, amplified, built upon, quoted and otherwise exploited by numerous writers, apologists, controversialists and. Pan was the inventor of a musical instrument – called the panpipes or syrinx – which he learned to play so well that he even ended up challenging Apollo himself to a musical contest; unsurprisingly, he lost. Even now, they say, Pan’s unseen presence in these lonely and rocky mountainous places causes people to be suddenly overwhelmed with a feeling of frantic agitation and distress. He was associated by the Romans with Faunus. In two late Roman sources, Hyginus[19] and Ovid,[20] Pan is substituted for the satyr Marsyas in the theme of a musical competition (agon), and the punishment by flaying is omitted. [35] He appears in poetry, in novels and children's books, and is referenced in the name of the character Peter Pan. Echo was a nymph who was a great singer and dancer and scorned the love of any man. Gods tend to see things differently from mere mortals, so it should surprise nobody that, once Hermes wrapped Pan in warm skins of mountain hares and brought him before the Olympians, “all the immortals were glad in heart.” In fact, since “Pan” means “all” in Ancient Greek, it was believed that the origin of Pan’s name could be traced back to this event. Here the god spent most of his days wandering the forests, playing haunting melodies on his pipes, chasing nymphs, and taking naps in secluded places during the heat of the noontide. Possibly due to a name-confusion error, even early authors sometimes make him the son of Odysseus’ wife, typically keeping Hermes as his father, but sometimes swapping him for Apollo. According to the Greek historian Plutarch (in De defectu oraculorum, "The Obsolescence of Oracles"),[23] Pan is the only Greek god (other than Asclepius) who actually dies. He did complete one pretty admirable conquest, though: that of Selene, the moon goddess, whom he tricked by wrapping himself in sheepskin and luring her into the woods as she was riding her silver chariot through the night. Corrections? Disturbed in his secluded afternoon naps, Pan's angry shout inspired panic (panikon deima) in lonely places. The real participant in the story was Aigipan: the god Pan, that is to say. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pan-Greek-god, Pan - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The Homeric Hymn to Pan provides the earliest example of this wordplay, suggesting that Pan's name was born from the fact that he delighted "all" the gods. As Echo was cursed by Hera to only be able to repeat words that had been said by someone else, she could not speak for herself. [39] This theory influenced the Neopagan notion of the Horned God, as an archetype of male virility and sexuality. In Greek religion and mythology, Pan (Ancient Greek: Πᾶν, Pān) is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, and companion of the nymphs. [3] Pan is a figure from Greek mythology who was originally a pastoral god from Arcadia.

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